Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids. Plants produce these metabolites as a defense mechanism against insects. PAs comprise a huge class of compounds, with over 600 known alkaloids and their N-oxides. It is estimated that 3% of flowering plant species globally contain these alkaloids.

Unsaturated PAs are hepatotoxic, therefore, traditional herbal medicines such as borage leaf, comfrey root, and coltsfoot can have negative side effects.

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid reference standards are a good way to monitor PA concentrations in food products. One of the most strictly monitored food products for PA alkaloids is honey. Analysis by HPLC-UV or LC-MS is a preferred method for analysis of PA alkaloids.