Emamectins

Emamectins are a semi-synthetic derivative of avermectins, or more specifically of abamectin. Avermectins are a group of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone derivatives with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. These naturally occurring compounds are generated as fermentation products of the soil actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectins are converted to emamectins through the substation of the oxygen at the 4″ position with a a methylamino group. The resulting structures are labeled as “4″-deoxy-4″-methylamino-avermectin B1”. The modification enhances the potency and stability. The product most often is in the form of a benzoate salt, further improving stability and shelf life.

In invertebrates, emamectins effect the nerve and muscle cells by enhancing the effects of glutamate and the glutamate-gated chloride channel. This results in an in influx of chloride ions and subsequent paralysis of the invertebrate.